Chalcedony

Chalcedony is an umbrella term that refers to all microcrystalline varieties of quartz beads. In this family of quartz (also known to the scientific community as cryptocrystalline) the gemstone structure is composed of crystals so tiny that they are invisible to the naked eye. In fact, their size is so minute that they are not even readily visible under a microscope. Used since the dawn of mankind for knives, tools, cups, and bowls, chalcedony takes its name from the ancient Greek town of Chalcedon.

Because of its porous nature, chalcedony beads can easily be dyed in a myriad of different colours, and is frequently cut, beveled, and polished in ways that showcase the chalcedony beads' inherent waxy lustre. In the jewelry and gem industry, the term 'chalcedony' typically refers to natural or lightly coloured microcrystalline quartz gemstones.

Chalcedony beads' metaphysical properties allegedly include protection from evil, a heightened unification between mind, body, and soul, emotional stabilization, and improved resistance to Alzheimer's disease.


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Jade

Even today jade is frequently associated with the Chinese Dynasties, and still conveys its legacy as the official Imperial Jewel. Emperors were buried in a head-to-toe jade suit that was believed to ensure safe passage into the afterlife, and even before the Dynastic cycle, as far back as 3000 BC, Chinese recognized the exotic lustre of jade as an elegant and distinguishing gemstone ornament. What many people don't realize today, however, is that jade was actually also used even earlier than that: in 7000 BC jade was prized by many cultures for its immense hardness, and used commonly for knives, axe heads, and other tools. As time progressed, jade came to particular prominence in Chinese culture, but was also incorporated into fashion and utility by the Maoris of New Zealand, the Aztecs, the Egyptians, and the Japanese. The name jade comes from the Spanish term piedra de ijada, which means "loin stone" in reference to jade's historical reputation as a healer of kidney ailments. Piedra de ijada was transliterated by the French as éjade, which in English then became simply "jade" as we know it today.

So what is all the fuss about? We don't often make axe heads out of jade anymore, but it is still getting more and more popular all over the globe. Because of its wonderfully striking waxy shine, and its deep range of provocative hues, not to mention its own history and culture, jade makes it a classic favourite for gemstone carving artisans, but its immense hardness ensures that jade carving must be the work of a deliberate, meditative, and highly skilled artist.

You certainly don't have to be a dedicated jade professional to enjoy it, however, and jewelry designers and enthusiasts love its mix of ancient appeal and contemporary cool. Where modern design meets an age-old cultural treasure, the evidence of a truly timeless gemstone is demonstrated on the necks, wrists, and ears of today's ultra hip.

Jade has historically been thought to inspire creativity, instill feelings of happiness, foster good luck, and offer physical protection for its wearer.

Source: http://www.stonesandfindings.com/jewelry-making-articles/articles/jade